广西钦州湾-防城港潮间带表层沉积物重金属生态风险评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

黎清华  万世明  李安春  何军 《海洋科学进展》2012,30(1):141-154

对广西钦州湾-防城港潮间带表层沉积物中的重金属元素Hg,Cd,As,Pb,Cu,Cr和Zn的质量分数和空间分布特征及其潜在生态危害进行了分析和评价。钦州湾潮间带表层沉积物中的重金属元素的质量分数相对较低,均在国家一级标准之内。空间分布上,从防城港-企沙-鸡墩头-三娘湾-沙角,重金属元素含量有逐渐增加的趋势,尤其在企沙QZ-07、三娘湾QZ-09和沙角地区的QZ-08剖面的质量分数最高。其中Cd,Cu和Zn的最高值出现在沙角地区QZ-08剖面,其平均质量分数分别达到了0.14,29.15和64.56μg/g;Hg,As,Cr和Pb的最高值出现在企沙地区QZ-07剖面,其平均质量分数分别达到了0.11,11.29,88.23和26.47μg/g。选用Hakanson的潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物的环境质量进行了评价。结果表明,钦州湾潮间带表层沉积物重金属元素的潜在生态风险参数均小于40,而风险指数均小于150,显示其潜在生态风险为低风险级别。但部分调查剖面如沙角QZ-08剖面的生态危害风险指数接近临界值140,所以该污染的风险是存在的。在空间分布上,从防城港-企沙-鸡墩头-三娘湾-沙角,重金属元素的污染生态危害指数有逐渐增加的趋势,尤其在企沙QZ-07、三娘湾QZ-09和沙角地区的QZ-08剖面的危害指数最高。  相似文献   

A sediment fluxes investigation for the 2-D modelling of large river morphodynamics     

《Advances in water resources》2015

A complete understanding of alluvial-bed dynamics is desirable for evaluating a variety of issues related to water resources.Sediment fluxes were investigated in a bifurcation of the large Parana River near Rosario, Argentina. The backscatter estimations from the Doppler profilers provided the suspended load of the sediment forming the riverbed. An echo-sounder was applied to track the dunes yielding the bed-load estimation.Aiming to show the usefulness of the recorded data, a 2-D numerical code was applied to the 10-km long and 2-km wide Rosario reach. The morphodynamic module was un-coupled from the hydrodynamics assessment, which enabled the long-term prediction of the river morphology accounting for the hydrological yearly variation with a quasi-steady approach.Numerical experiments were performed to test the sensitivity of the hydrodynamic model to the computational time-step and mesh size, to test the un-coupling scheme performance regarding the full-dynamic modelling, to test the accuracy of the sediment transport formulae based on the field evidence and, finally, to provide guidance to properly fix the model parameters.  相似文献   

变动水压荷载对真空预压加固效果的影响          下载免费PDF全文

刘爱民 《地震工程学报》2015,37(2):467-471

目前成功实施的几项潮差带地区真空预压工程未考虑膜上变动水压荷载的影响,单纯将膜下真空压力作为预压荷载,这明显偏于保守。根据具体工程的加固效果,分析膜上变动水压荷载对真空预压加固效果的影响,并给出在潮差带地区进行真空预压设计时预压荷载的取值方法,研究结果可供类似工程参考。  相似文献   

A new species of Eunice (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) from Hainan Island, South China Sea     

吴旭文  孙瑞平  刘瑞玉 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(1):134-139

Ataxonomic survey of benthic marine animals from coastal regions of Hainan Island, South China Sea, revealed specimens of a new species of Eunice (Polychaeta: Eunicida: Eunicidae), Eunice uschakovi n. sp., collected from the intertidal zone. The species belongs to the group of Eunice that has yellow tridentate subacicular hooks and branchiae scattered over an extensive region of the body. It resembles E. miurai and E. havaica in having both bidentate and tridentate falcigers, but can be readily distinguished by branchial features. Comparisons between E. uschakovi and the two related species are presented.  相似文献   

Rock warming and drying under simulated intertidal conditions,part II: weathering and biological influences on evaporative cooling and near‐surface micro‐climatic conditions as an example of biogeomorphic ecosystem engineering     

Martin A. Coombes  L. A. Naylor 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(1):100-118

The way in which rocks and engineering materials heat‐up and dry‐out in the intertidal zone is of relevance to both weathering and ecology. These behaviours can be measured in the laboratory under controlled conditions designed to replicate those occurring in the field. Previous studies have demonstrated differences in thermal behaviours between rock types and through time as a result of soiling in terrestrial environments, but the influence of weathering and colonization on rock behaviours in the intertidal zone has not been previously assessed. We measured the warming and drying of blocks of rock (limestone and granite) and marine concrete during ‘low‐tide’ events simulated in the laboratory, before and after a period of exposure (eight months) on rock platforms in Cornwall, UK. As well as differences between the material types, temperatures of control (unexposed) and field‐exposed blocks differed in the order of 1 to 2 °C. Drying behaviours were also different after field exposure. Differences during the first few hours of exposure to air and heat were attributed to discolouration and albedo effects. Over longer periods of time, changes in the availability of near‐surface pore water as a result of micro‐scale bioerosion of limestone and the development of bio‐chemical crusts on marine concrete [observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)] are suggested as mechanisms enhancing and reducing, respectively, the efficiency of evaporative cooling. The retention of moisture by epilithic biofilms may also influence thermal and drying behaviours of granite. These observations represent one of the first examples of cross‐scalar biogeomorphic linkages in the intertidal zone. The significance of the results for the subsequent efficiency of weathering, and near‐surface micro‐climatic conditions experienced by colonizing organisms is discussed. The involvement of microorganisms in the creation of more (or less) ecologically stressful conditions through the alteration of substratum geomorphic properties and behaviours is suggested as an example of ‘biogeomorphic ecosystem engineering’. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Berm formation and dynamics on a gently sloping beach; the effect of water level and swash overtopping     

Stine G. Jensen  Troels Aagaard  Tom E. Baldock  Aart Kroon  Michael Hughes 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(11):1533-1546

Berm formation and morphological development of the beach face have been observed during a neap–neap tidal cycle on the gently sloping and accreting beach at Vejers, Denmark. During the field campaign, an intertidal bar migrated onshore and stabilized as a berm on the foreshore. A new intertidal bar occurred on the lower beach face, migrated onshore on the rising tide and finally merged with the pre‐existing berm. As the tide continued to rise, the new berm translated further onshore as an intertidal bar to the uppermost part of the foreshore. The sediment transport during the berm transition was onshore directed in the upper swash and offshore directed in the lower swash. This berm development can be described through both the neap‐berm, ridge‐and‐runnel and berm‐ridge development concepts proposed by Hine (Sedimentology 1979; 26: 333–351), and all three stages were observed during only three tidal cycles. The main factors controlling this fast transformation were the gentle slope of the cross‐shore profile, rapid water level translation rates, substantial swash overtopping of the berm, and low infiltration rates. Despite the onshore migration of intertidal bars and berm formation, no net foreshore accretion took place during the field campaign. This was largely due to the formation of rip channels with strong rip currents cutting through the intertidal bars and the berm, which acted as a sediment drain in the profile. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variability of sediment accumulation rates on two tidal flats in Lister Dyb tidal basin,Wadden Sea,Denmark   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Anni T. Madsen  Andrew S. Murray  Thorbjørn J. Andersen  Morten Pejrup 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(13):1556-1572

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Benchmark on the numerical simulations of the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic evolution of tidal channels and tidal inlets     

N. Tambroni  C. Ferrarin  A. Canestrelli 《Continental Shelf Research》2010

A correct understanding of the hydrodynamics and morphodynamics of tidal basins is of fundamental importance for the fate of the Venice Lagoon, Italy. If on one hand, the development of sophisticated numerical models is called for in order to reproduce the complexity of the mechanisms governing the morphodynamic evolution of many natural environments, including lagoons, on the other hand, a clear knowledge of the reliability and limits of the results provided by these models is crucial in order to establish the condition under which they can be safely applied. To this aim, researchers involved in numerical modeling in the framework of the recent Corila research programmes, agreed to perform an accurate comparison of results provided by three different numerical models, applying them to the test case offered by the experimental investigations performed under controlled conditions by Tambroni et al. (2005a). Here, we consider the following numerical models: (i) a 2D finite element hydrodynamic model coupled with a 2D finite volume morphodynamic model (5 and 3); (ii) a 2D finite element morphodynamic model (Ferrarin et al., 2008); (iii) a 2D depth-averaged model for the inlet region, coupled with a 1D model for the channel (Tambroni et al., 2005b). A first set of simulations concerns the fixed bed case and shows that all the models provide similar results: in particular, they are able to predict the observed free surface oscillations satisfactorily, while comparison with the measured velocity field is less satisfactory. Moreover, as far as the flow field at the inlet is concerned, the models describe accurately the potential flow into the channel during the flood phase, while they are not able to adequately reproduce the occurrence of the fine structure of the shear layers shed by the inlet edges during the ebb phase. This limit is related to the shallow water character of the models. As for the morphodynamics, the long term equilibrium configurations of the bottom of the channel and of the near inlet region show qualitative agreement with the experimental observations, although in this case the differences between the results provided by the distinct numerical approaches are more marked.  相似文献   

渤海湾西岸潮间带现代沉积速率研究   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8  

孟伟  雷坤  郑丙辉  王福  王宏  李建芬  李勇 《海洋学报》2005,27(3):67-72

利用渤海湾西岸潮间带柱状沉积物的210Pb_ex和137Cs活度测定结果,计算了潮间带现代沉积物的平均沉积速率,结果表明,渤海湾西岸潮间带砂质区(道沟子至独流减河)1955～1963年的沉积速率为3.43～4.06cm/a,1963年以来的平均沉积速率为0.65～1.59cm/a;泥质区(歧口附近)的平均沉积速率约为1.81cm/a.上述结果说明潮间带砂质区在20世纪50～60年代发生快速沉积作用,60年代之后沉积作用变缓.这可能是由于华北地区在该时段具有丰沛的降水和入海水沙,为潮间带沉积物提供了丰富的物源.60年代以后沉积作用变缓可能是自然和人类活动引起的入海水量减少和由此导致的物源减少的结果.  相似文献   

Dynamics of multiple intertidal bars over semi‐diurnal and lunar tidal cycles,North Lincolnshire,England     

Selma van Houwelingen  Gerhard Masselink  Joanna Bullard 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2008,33(10):1473-1490

Multiple intertidal bars are common features of wave‐dominated sandy beaches, yet their short‐term (<1 month) and small‐scale (<1 km) morphology and dynamics remain poorly understood. This study describes the morphodynamics of multiple intertidal bars in North Lincolnshire, England, during single and lunar tidal cycles under two contrasting conditions – first when significant wave height was <0·5 m and second when significant wave height frequently exceeded 1 m. The relative importance of swash, surf and shoaling processes in determining morphological change was examined using detailed field observations and a numerical model. The beach featured four intertidal bars and both cross‐shore and longshore bar morphology evolved during the field investigation, particularly under medium to high wave‐energy conditions. Numerical modelling suggests shoaling processes are most common on the seaward two bars under calm wave conditions (H_s < 0·5 m) and that surf zone processes become more common during neap tides and under more energetic (H_s < 0·5 m) conditions. Surf processes dominate the inner two bars, though swash influence increases in a landward direction. The numerical modelling results combined with low tide survey data and high‐resolution morphological measurements strongly suggest changes in the intertidal bar morphology are accomplished by surf zone processes rather than by shoaling wave or swash processes. This is because shoaling waves do not induce significant sediment transport to have any morphological effect, whereas swash action generally does not have enough scope to act as the swash zone is much narrower than the surf zone. It was found, however, that the absolute rate of morphological change under swash action and surfzone processes are of similar magnitudes and that swash action may induce a significant amount of local morphological change when the high tide mark is located on the upper bar, making this process important for bar morphodynamics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献